Sensory processing refers to how the brain receives, interprets, and responds to input from the environment. For children with autism, sensory processing can be heightened or under-sensitive, meaning they may respond strongly to certain stimuli or seem unaware of others. Understanding your child’s sensory needs and learning how to assist them can make a significant difference in their ability to navigate the world and feel more comfortable in everyday situations.
In this guide, we’ll explore what exactly the processing difficulties are, how they affect children with autism, and provide actionable steps that can help you support your child.
Components of Sensory Processing
Sensory processing issues in children with autism can manifest in various ways. They might be hypersensitive (over-responsive) or hyposensitive (under-responsive) to stimuli such as light, sound, touch, smell, and taste. Some children may react with anxiety, discomfort, or meltdowns in response to seemingly ordinary sensations, while others may actively seek out certain stimuli that provide them with sensory input.
Common Examples include:
- Hypersensitivity: Your child might cover their ears or have a meltdown when exposed to loud noises, such as a vacuum or a busy street.
- Hyposensitivity: Your child may not seem to notice a strong smell or might seek out constant physical contact, such as rubbing their hands or rocking back-and-forth.
- A combination of both: Some children may react to different types of stimuli in various ways, depending on the situation or the intensity of the stimulus. Some children may experience both sensitivites, dependent on the stimuli being presented.
Understanding these patterns is key to supporting your child effectively. Sensory issues are often a contributing factor to a child’s behavior, and being aware of these issues helps you respond with empathy and practical solutions.
Signs of Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)
According to the National Library of Medicine (NLH), “Sensory processing disorders (SPDs) can be described as difficulty detecting, modulating, interpreting, and/or responding to sensory experiences.” Recognizing the signs of Sensory Processing Disorder can help you identify when your child might be struggling. Common signs to watch for include:
- Overreacting to stimuli: Loud noises, bright lights, or certain textures may cause extreme distress, discomfort, or avoidance.
- Underreacting to stimuli: Your child may not notice pain, temperature changes, or loud sounds, and might seek out sensations like spinning or swinging to get input.
- Avoidant behaviors: Your child may avoid certain places, people, or situations because of sensory overload, such as refusing to enter a crowded room or wear certain clothes.
- Unusual movements or postures: Repetitive movements like hand-flapping, rocking, or spinning may help your child self-regulate when overwhelmed.
- Difficulty with daily tasks: Dressing, brushing teeth, or eating certain foods might be difficult if the input is too overwhelming or not stimulating enough.
Tips for Support
Once you have a better understanding of how sensory processing affects your child, here are some practical steps you can take to help them feel more comfortable and secure:
1. Create a Sensory-Friendly Environment
Start by evaluating your home and other environments your child frequents, such as school or family gatherings. Consider factors like lighting, noise levels, and the types of textures they are exposed to. Here are some ideas to create a sensory-friendly environment:
- Soft lighting: Dim or natural lighting can be less overwhelming than bright fluorescent lights.
- Noise reduction: If your child is sensitive to loud sounds, consider noise-canceling headphones or a white noise machine.
- Calming spaces: Designate a quiet, cozy area where your child can retreat when they feel overwhelmed. Equip it with soft blankets, pillows, or calming toys.
If your child needs assistance with sensory-processing during schooling, make sure to look into IEP Support that can assist with facilitating your child’s comfort and educational success.
2. Observe and Identify Triggers
Pay attention to your child’s preferences and dislikes. Keep track of the situations, places, or stimuli that cause discomfort or overstimulation. Use this information to anticipate and reduce potential triggers in the future. For example, if your child has difficulty with the noise of a crowded restaurant, you might choose quieter times to dine out or bring noise-canceling headphones with you.
3. Provide Sensory Breaks
Children with sensory processing issues may need frequent breaks to reset and avoid overload. Schedule regular breaks throughout the day to allow your child to engage in activities that help them self-regulate. These breaks could include:
- Grounding activities like pushing a shopping cart, or laying in a weighted blanket.
- Calming activities like rocking in a chair, listening to soft music, or engaging with calming toys.
- Movement activities such as swinging, bouncing on an exercise ball, or doing stretches.
4. Use Sensory Tools and Supports
Consider integrating sensory tools into your child’s daily routine. These tools can help them manage their needs in a healthy way. Some examples include:
- Fidget toys to redirect sensory-seeking behavior in non-disruptive ways.
- Chewable jewelry or textured materials for children who need oral input.
- Weighted blankets to provide calming, deep pressure input that can help children feel grounded.
5. School Coordination
Partner with your child’s school to ensure they have the necessary accommodations and supports in place. Schools can often provide sensory-friendly spaces, breaks, and tailored learning environments that help children with autism thrive. Regular communication with teachers, aides, and therapists can ensure your child’s needs are being met both at home and school. BCOTB offers Parent Support with therapy services, and advocacy for IEP support, as well.
6. Be Patient and Empathetic
Sensory processing issues can be frustrating for both the child and the parent. Remember, your child is not misbehaving on purpose—they are simply reacting to input in a way that is outside their control. Approach every situation with patience and understanding, and be flexible in finding solutions that work for both you and your child. Your child just wants comfort and needs to learn how to ground themselves during uncomfortable sensory moments.
Extra Support
SPD is typically a common part of autism, but with the right support and strategies, your child can learn to navigate the world more comfortably. By becoming more aware of their sensory needs, creating a sensory-friendly environment, and providing consistent support, you can help your child feel more secure and confident in their daily experiences. We also recommend research SPD further – through great resources like the Child Mind Institute.
Ultimately, resources are available if you are a parent who needs assistance handling and understanding your child’s needs. Contact our Front-End team to learn more about how BCOTB can help you and your child.
Sources:
Passarello, Noemi, et al. “Sensory Processing Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Taking Stock of Assessment and Novel Therapeutic Tools.” Brain Sciences, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 31 Oct. 2022, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9688399/.
